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1 Department of Diagnostic Sciences and General Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; 2 University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; 3 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; 4 Private practice of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Raleigh, NC, USA
*Correspondence to: John B Ludlow, 120 Dental Office Building, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA; Email: jbl{at}email.unc.edu
Received 7 November 2005; revised 15 December 2005; accepted 20 December 2005
Objectives: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which provides a lower dose, lower cost alternative to conventional CT, is being used with increasing frequency in the practice of oral and maxillofacial radiology. This study provides comparative measurements of effective dose for three commercially available, large (12'') field-of-view (FOV), CBCT units: CB Mercuray, NewTom 3G and i-CAT.
Methods: Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) were placed at 24 sites throughout the layers of the head and neck of a tissue-equivalent human skull RANDO phantom. Depending on availability, the 12'' FOV and smaller FOV scanning modes were used with similar phantom positioning geometry for each CBCT unit. Radiation weighted doses to individual organs were summed using 1990 (E1990) and proposed 2005 (E2005 draft) ICRP tissue weighting factors to calculate two measures of whole-body effective dose. Dose as a multiple of a representative panoramic radiography dose was also calculated.
Results: For repeated runs dosimetry was generally reproducible within 2.5%. Calculated doses in mSv (E1990, E2005 draft) were NewTom3G (45, 59), i-CAT (135, 193) and CB Mercuray (477, 558). These are 4 to 42 times greater than comparable panoramic examination doses (6.3 mSv, 13.3 mSv). Reductions in dose were seen with reduction in field size and mA and kV technique factors.
Conclusions: CBCT dose varies substantially depending on the device, FOV and selected technique factors. Effective dose detriment is several to many times higher than conventional panoramic imaging and an order of magnitude or more less than reported doses for conventional CT.
Keywords: radiation dosimetry; phantoms; imaging; risk assessment; tomography; X-ray computed
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