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Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2008) 37, 330-339
© 2008 British Institute of Radiology
doi: 10.1259/dmfr/93169617

RESEARCH

Histological investigation of osseous changes of mandibular condyles with backscattered electron images

K Katakami*,1, S Shimoda2, K Kobayashi1 and K Kawasaki2

1Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan; 2First Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan

*Correspondence to: Professor Kaori Katakami, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Radiology, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230–8501, Japan. E-mail: fukami-kaori{at}tsurumi-u.ac.jp

Received 6 July 2007; revised 2 October 2007; accepted 12 October 2007

Objectives: This study aims to confirm the radiographic morphology of mandibular condyles with microscopic observation and to investigate the mechanism of osseous changes of adult human mandibular condyles.

Methods: Following the radiographic examinations of ten temporomandibular joints (TMJs) from five cadavers using conventional tomography, helical CT and limited cone beam CT for dentistry (limited CBCT), ten mandibular condyles were removed. Micro CT images were made of the undecalcified dissected joints in the sagittal plane, perpendicular to the long axis of the condyles, to produce images similar in orientation to the radiographic images. Tissue morphology was observed through backscattered electron images and elemental analysis using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The microscopic findings were compared with the radiographic findings.

Results: Limited CBCT images most accurately depicted erosive change of the bone cortex of the mandibular condyle. EPMA indicated bone remodelling in all mandibular condyles analysed, which showed cartilage calcification different from typical enchondral ossification. No finding of dissolution or disruption of the superficial soft tissue was observed in all specimens, including those presenting radiographic findings of osteoarthrosis. Active bone remodelling with hypertrophic changes of superficial soft tissue was observed in mandibular condyles, which implied radiographic findings of osteoarthrosis.

Conclusions: The high detectability of limited CBCT images on bony morphology of mandibular condyles was confirmed. It is speculated that bone remodelling of adult human mandibular condyles is brought about by cartilage calcification. It was suggested that the osseous changes classified as osteoarthrosis with radiographic images are normal bone remodelling.

Keywords: temporomandibular joint; osteoarthrosis; bone remodelling; electron probe microanalysis






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